What is CPU? Understanding the basic CPU

What is CPU?

It’s easy to get confused by the alphabet soup that is computer jargon. However, one of the most important things you should understand is what a CPU is, and what cores do in a CPU. Here’s everything you need to know about CPUs, including what CPU you have and how many cores your CPU has.

What Is A CPU?

A CPU (which stands for central processing unit) is a small chip that is made of billions of microscopic transistors. It has two main components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and the control unit (CU). The control unit is responsible for getting instructions from the main memory of your computer and decoding these instructions into commands.

On the other hand, the ALU executes these commands and stores it into the main memory. As its name suggests, it does arithmetic and logical operations. It performs mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. For logical operations, it compares values, which can be numbers, letters, or special characters.

What Does a CPU Do?

A CPU is often referred to as the brains of a computer. It is the part of your computer that receives instructions, performs calculations, and executes actions. Specifically, a CPU has four functions: to fetch, decode, execute, and store instructions.

First, it fetches instructions from your computer’s memory. Next, it decodes or translates these instructions into binary instructions (or a series of 1s and 0s) so the computer can understand the instructions. Finally, it executes these instructions and stores the output in its memory.

(Image Source: BBC)

During this fetch-decode-execute cycle, your CPU will interact with other components, like the register and random-access memory (RAM). Now that you know what a CPU does, here’s how to find out what kind of CPU you have in your Windows 10 or Mac computer.

What CPU Do You Have?

How to Find Out What CPU You Have in Windows 10

1. Open the Start Menu. You can do this by clicking the button in the bottom-left corner of your screen that is shaped like the Windows logo.
2. Then click Settings. This is the gear-shaped icon just above the power icon.
3. Next, click System.
4. Scroll down to About in the left sidebar.
5. You will see your CPU’s name next to “processor” under “Device specifications.”  

How to Find Out What CPU You Have on a Mac

1. Click on the Apple logo in the top-left corner of the screen.
2. Then click About This Mac.
3. You will see your CPU’s name next to “Processor” in the Overview tab.

What Do Cores Do in a CPU?

Cores are units within a CPU that can run different processes. Each core of a CPU can work separately, or multiple cores can work together to complete tasks. Therefore, the more CPUs you have, the faster your computer will be.

Nowadays, it is quite common to see multicore processors. A dual-core CPU, for example, has two processing units in the CPU, quad-core has four units, a hexa-core has six, and so on. The highest number of cores supported in the market today is Intel Xeon 9200 Processor, which has a whopping 56 cores and 112 threads.

You can also physical and logical cores. While physical cores are hardware, logical cores are made up of codes within the computer that can process tasks or threads simultaneously. A thread is like a conveyor belt that brings data for each worker to process. So, if you have four physical cores and two threads per core, you would have a total of eight logical cores.

How Many Cores Does Your CPU Have?

You can easily see how many cores your CPU has from the System Information menu. In Windows, you also have the option to see this information from Task Manager, Device Manager, and WMIC. Another option for Apple users will be to see their computer data in the About This Mac screen.

How to Find Out How Many Cores You Have in Windows 10

1. Right-click on your taskbar. This is the bar on the bottom of your screen.
2. Then click Task Manager.
3. Go to the Performance tab. You will see this at the top of the window, to the right of the Processes tab.
4. You will see how many cores you have next to Cores in the bottom-right corner. If you do not see this screen, make sure to hit the “More details” button in the bottom left corner of the window.

How to Find Out How Many Cores Your Have on a Mac

1. Click on the Apple logo at the top left-hand side of the screen.
2. Then click About This Mac.
3. Next, click the System Report button at the bottom of the window.
4. You will see how many cores you have in the pop-up window next to “Total Number of Cores.” If you don’t see this screen, make sure you are in the Hardware tab in the right sidebar.

If you want to know more about your computer’s CPU, check out our article on the difference between 32-bit and 64-bit processors.https://genexisvalte.blogspot.com/2020/07/difference-between-32-bit-65-bit.html?m=1

10 YouTube URL Tricks You Should Know About

Though YouTube remain the premier site, you probably don’t think much about customizing it. But whether you’re a casual user or watch online videos every day, there are all sorts of ways to tweak YouTube.

A major category of these are special YouTube URLs. Let’s look at some YouTube URL tricks to help you get more out of the service, like turning videos into GIFs.

1. Link to Any Part of a Video

Typically, when you copy a link to a YouTube video, it starts from the beginning. If you want to show someone just a bit of a video or skip a lengthy intro, you can append a time stamp to the URL to start it at that time.

You can do this in a couple of ways. By manually adding &t=YmXXs to the end of a video URL, you’ll set it to start Y minutes and XX seconds into the video. You can omit minutes, or use only seconds, such as 90s for a minute and a half. So this video:

youtube.com/watch?v=7RWI3-8N_-Y

Can be shared 90 seconds in using this URL:

youtube.com/watch?v=7RWI3-8N_-Y&t=1m30s

If you don’t want to use the manual method, pause the video at the time you’d like to share it at, then right-click and choose Copy video URL at current time. And there are plenty more YouTube sharing tricks worth knowing.

So change this URL:

youtube.com/watch?v=oeb5LdAyLC8

To this to loop it:

youtuberepeater.com/watch?v=oeb5LdAyLC8

You can tweak the playback using the options below the video if you want to start or end at different points. To do this without changing the URL, just right-click any YouTube video and toggle Loop on.

3. Bypass Age Restrictions

YouTube has age restrictions on certain videos that are flagged as containing mature content. Whether you don’t have a YouTube account or don’t feel like signing in to watch one, you can perform a little trick to bypass the sign-in.

Take a YouTube URL for a restricted video like this:

youtube.com/watch?v=wvZ6nB3cl1w

Simply append gen in front of youtube as shown here:

genyoutube.com/watch?v=wvZ6nB3cl1w

The video will open on a new page that features no age restriction.

4. Skip a Certain Amount of the Intro

Similar to the trick that lets you pick the start time, you can also choose to skip a certain number of seconds at the start of the video. You can’t specify minutes with this one, so use 90 (seconds) for a minute and a half.

So, to skip the first 30 seconds of this video:

youtube.com/watch?v=uA0nSkSxA3E

Add &start=30 to the end of the URL and get this:

youtube.com/watch?v=uA0nSkSxA3E&start=30

This is similar to the timing one but is a bit faster to type and doesn’t require you to remember a certain time stamp.

5. Claim a Custom YouTube Channel URL

If you have your own YouTube channel and meet certain requirements, you can set a vanity URL for your page. This is much easier to remember than the default random string of characters, so it’s worth doing for easier linking.

To get a custom URL, your channel needs to meet the following criteria:

• Have at least 100 subscribers
• Be at least 30 days old
• Have an uploaded profile photo and channel art

If you satisfy these, head to YouTube’s Advanced settings page by clicking the gear in the top-right, choosing Settings, and clicking Advanced settings on the left. Here under Channel settings, you’ll see the text You’re eligible for a custom URL if that’s the case. Click the link next to this and proceed through the steps to create a custom URL and confirm the terms of use.

Once your custom URL is set up, anyone can head to youtube.com/[YourCustomURL] to visit your channel. Note that you can only have one custom URL at a time. You can’t change it, but you’re allowed to remove your current URL and create a new one, if it’s available.

6. Check Out YouTube TV

YouTube TV is an interface designed for smart TVs and apps on consoles. It’s still YouTube, but with less clutter and a few shortcuts that are easier for remotes. You probably won’t want to make this your main YouTube interface, but it’s worth checking out for a cleaner look.

Just visit this URL to try it:

youtube.com/tv

7. Jump Straight to Your Subscriptions

As hard as it tries, many times the suggestions offered by YouTube aren’t useful. Whether your recommendations are filled with strange content or the home page contains videos you don’t care about, you can set a better YouTube landing page.

When you’re signed in, try changing your YouTube bookmark from the main site to your subscriptions page using this URL:

youtube.com/feed/subscriptions  

This lets you see the newest videos from channels you subscribe to, so you don’t miss any of their new content. Thus, you’re in control of what you see instead of YouTube deciding for you.

8. Grab the Thumbnail of Any Video

It’s common when searching Google for images to see pictures from YouTube videos, usually titled maxresdefault.

You can actually view a high-quality thumbnail for any YouTube video (if it has one) by visiting the following URL:

img.youtube.com/vi/[VideoID]/maxresdefault.jpg  

Replace the [VideoID] with the text after the v= at the end of a YouTube video. So to view the thumbnail for this video:

youtube.com/watch?v=YMbm_SFJugQ

Visit this link:

img.youtube.com/vi/YMbm_SFJugQ/maxresdefault.jpg

9. Make a GIF from a Video

Found a YouTube video that has a GIF-worthy moment? You can easily create an animated GIF from any part of a video by adding gif before the YouTube link.

So to edit this video into a GIF:

youtube.com/watch?v=gy1B3agGNxw

Change the URL to this:

gifyoutube.com/watch?v=gy1B3agGNxw

You’ll be brought to gifs.com, where you can add a variety of effects and crop the GIF to your liking. Once done, share the GIF to social networks with an easy link or download it for safekeeping.

Note that exceptionally long videos won’t work with this service.

10. Mash Up YouTube Videos

This one isn’t a true URL hack, as you can’t visit it right from YouTube. However, it still uses YouTube URLs, so we’re including it. Visit YouTubeDoubler and you can add two YouTube URLs to mix together. You can choose to start either video at a certain time to help them sync up.

Whether you see how two songs sound when played at the same time or want to add some funny background music to a clip, have a look and see what you can create!

Start Having Fun with YouTube

These tricks will let you get even more out of YouTube. Some are built into YouTube itself, while others rely on outside services. It’s possible that any of these could stop working in the future, so your mileage may vary as time passes.

How to Mirror Your Android Screen to a PC or Mac Without Root

Sometimes, you might want to see your Android phone’s screen on your PC. How do you do that?

If you have rooted your Android device, it’s easy. But if you haven’t rooted, there are still some simple ways to get your phone or tablet’s screen to show on your PC or Mac.

Why Mirror Android to Your PC?

Why would you mirror your screen? There are plenty of reasons. You might be a developer in the middle of coding and want to check your app without having to constantly reach for your phone. You might want to share your pictures on a big screen without uploading them. Or you might need to give a presentation quickly while the projector is connected to a PC.

The quickest and easiest way, as you will find out, requires no installation on your phone, and a simple app for your computer.

What You’ll Need

Vysor, made by prolific Android developer Koushik Dutta, is the simplest way to get your Android screen onto your PC or Mac’s screen.

Here’s what you need to get started:

1. Download Vysor for Windows | macOS | Linux | Google Chrome (Free)
2. A USB cable to connect your phone to your PC.
3. An Android smartphone or tablet with USB debugging enabled.
4. Enable USB debugging mode on your android

Enable USB Debugging Mode on Android

We have a full explanation of what USB debugging mode is, but you don’t need to concern yourself with that here. All you need to know is how to enable it:

1. Go to Settings > About phone (Settings > System > About phone on Android 8 Oreo and newer).
2. Scroll down and tap Build Number seven times.
3. Go back to Settings (Settings > System on Oreo and later) and enter the new Developer Options menu.
4. Scroll down and enable USB debugging.
5. Confirm the action when prompted.

Share Your Screen to Your PC or Mac via USB

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Now that you have USB debugging mode activated, the rest is simple.

1. Start Vysor by searching for it on your computer (or via the Chrome App Launcher if you installed there).
2. Click Find Devices and select your phone.
3. Vysor will start up, and you’ll see your Android screen on your computer.
4. Optional: You can set your phone to connect automatically every time you plug in the USB cable.

With this, you are ready to go. Your mouse and keyboard work within Vysor, so you can start any app you want and type in it too.

There are plenty of apps that don’t have a web client, so this is a good way of using your physical keyboard for your phone’s apps.

Four Reasons for Vysor’s Appeal

1. You don’t need anything installed on your Android phone.
2. It works on Windows, Mac, and Linux.
3. The USB cable makes your screen reflect in almost real-time, as opposed to wireless solutions where there is distinct lag.
4. You can interact with your phone’s screen through your computer.

Try it out and see how you like it. If it’s useful to you, you can pay ($2.50/month or $10/year) for Vysor Pro, which enables high-quality mirroring, wireless mirroring, and drag-and-drop file sharing.
How Share Your Android Screen Wirelessly

If your phone runs on Android 5 Lollipop or later, Google has made it easier to mirror the screen of any device. For a wireless, cross-platform solution, Koushik Dutta has another app.

How to set up Android Mirroring with AllCast:

1. Download: AllCast Receiver for Chrome (Free)
2. Download: Screen Recording and Mirror for Android (Free)
3. Make sure your computer and smartphone are on the same Wi-Fi network.
4. Start AllCast Receiver through the Chrome App Launcher.
5. Start Screen Recording and Mirror on your Android phone.
6. In Screen Recording and Mirror, choose the Network Device that matches your PC. It will still start with Chrome @ followed by an IP address.

Just like that, your screen will be wirelessly mirrored on your computer. This is the easiest way to share your Android screen without the hassle of a cable, and it supports other devices on the same network too, including Fire TV, Apple TV, Roku, and more.

This method has a few disadvantages:

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1. You cannot interact with your screen through your PC. The interaction is limited to your phone itself, but you will see what’s happening on the big screen. Unfortunately, that means no typing with your computer’s keyboard on your phone.
2. Unfortunately, there’s no way to remove annoying Mirror floating watermark. This can be a dampener for presentations and slideshows.

Rooted Is Still the Best Option

As Android has grown, it’s added so many features that only power users really need to root. But if screen mirroring is important to you, then I would still recommend you root because it gives you access to the best way to mirror Android to a PC.

The Android management client Airdroid offers a built-in protocol to wirelessly mirror a rooted Android phone to a Windows or macOS computer. It works for non-rooted phones too, but this requires a cable and works much like the aforementioned Vysor.

But with a rooted phone, you only need to be on the same Wi-Fi network to start mirroring immediately, without watermarks. And you can control the phone too, unlike the AllCast option above.

The Quickest Way to Install Windows Software: The Command Prompt

Installing apps on Windows is a time-consuming process. The user has to go through a series of steps to patch the software—search for the recent version of an app, download the installer file, manually install the app (next, next several times), and uncheck unwanted bundleware or ads.

Solution: Chocolatey (Package Manager)

A package manager is a collection of tools to automate the entire process of installing, configuring, and updating apps. The package consists of software binaries, configuration files, and metadata. The metadata, in turn, has all the details of an app (name, description, version number, and more) and the list of dependencies to make it work properly.

Although there are many package managers for Windows, none of them has the simplicity and security of Chocolatey. With few bits of code, you can deploy the app in every system and also track or manage updates of that software over time.

Here are some reasons why we prefer Chocolatey:

• It has the largest online database of Windows packages. As of now, there are 11,166 community-maintained packages. You can even install packages from NuGet and MyGet.
• Package submissions go through a rigorous moderation review process, including package validation, verification, virus scanning with VirusTotal, and more. For an organization, the use of the community package repository is optional.
• Chocolatey works with over 20+ installer technologies for Windows. It knows how to set up an app, registry, manage files and configuration, or any combination.
• Chocolatey can even work with installed apps. It can take over existing application files in the Programs directory and also handle uninstalls. However, it depends on the packaging and software installer used.

Installing Chocolatey in Windows 10

Chocolatey installation is quick and intuitive. You don’t need a thorough knowledge of the Command Prompt or PowerShell. However, you must fulfill the basic system requirements and have the patience to install a few scripts. 

SystemRequirements

• Windows 7+/Windows Server 2003+ and above
• PowerShell v2+ and above
• .NET framework 4+ (the installation will try to install .NET 4.0 if you don’t have it installed)
• Free space for Chocolatey CLI and another 1GB+ or more for installing packages

PowerShell Method

Press Win + X and select Windows PowerShell (Admin). At first, you must ensure Get-ExecutionPolicy is not restricted.

Type in Get-ExecutionPolicy, if it returns Restricted then that means you cannot install any script. To bypass it, type in Set-ExecutionPolicy AllSigned and “Y” to confirm the change.

Copy-and-paste the command

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Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; iex 
((New-Object 
System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))

Press Enter.

Within a few moments, Chocolatey will get installed and create a new folder in Program Data. All the packages go to \chocolatey\lib (though there may be an exceptions for .MSI installers).

You can also set up a custom installation path for packages like Python, Ruby, or Node.

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Once Chocolatey gets installed, restart the PowerShell and type in choco /? to see the list of commands.

Command Prompt Method

If you use the command prompt, press Win + X and choose Command Prompt (Admin). Then, copy-and-paste the command

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@"%SystemRoot%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe"
-NoProfile -InputFormat None -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command "iex
((New-Object
System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))"
&& SET "PATH=%PATH%;%ALLUSERSPROFILE%\chocolatey\bin"

Press Enter.

Chocolatey will get installed on your system in a few seconds. Restart the prompt and type in choco /? to see the list of commands.

Chocolatey Packages

Chocolatey packages are modified .nupkg files. It is a compiled zip file carrying the package metadata (including version information, dependencies, and distribution rights). If you delete the metadata specific to chocolatey, the package file is similar to NuGet.

The interesting part of Chocolatey is the community repository of packages known as the community package repository. Every package submitted to the database undergoes a rigorous moderation process before it goes live.

On the left side, you’ll see the links to the package maintainer, validation check button in colors green, red, and yellow, and instructions to install the app. Under the Install section, you’ll see the command instructions to install Google Chrome.

In the same section, there are instructions to upgrade and uninstall the app. The Version History menu lists all the versions, including their changelog. And there is a section on Virus Scan Results, in case you’re not confident of installing a particular app.

How to Install Software Using Command Prompt or PowerShell

You probably have a list of frequently used apps you install on Windows. Instead of having to visit a website and using an installer, launch PowerShell and type in the syntax

choco install [app name]

“choco” is the short name of Chocolatey. Whenever you install, upgrade, or uninstall any app, you must prefix it with “choco.” The second prefix is the actual command. Since we’re installing the app, we’ll use the prefix “install.” The third prefix is the software name.

Navigate to the chocolatey package site and search for the app. Notice the command line instruction to install that app.

For example, to install Gimp, type in

choco install gimp

This will download and install the app to your system, without requiring any action on your part. You’ll see the progress information in the console itself. In a few cases, your app might show windows, but that’s perfectly normal.

Chocolatey will take care of all the installation steps automatically. Once your app gets installed, you’ll find it in the Start menu.

Search Your Package

You can even search for a particular package with syntax

choco search [app name]

For example, if you wish to install 7-zip, type in

choco search 7-zip

When you press Enter, chocolatey will search for every app with the word “zip” in its database. If it’s there, you’ll find it in the results. Searching for a particular app requires a bit of practice. Use the repository package website whenever you need any help.

Upgrading a Package

To upgrade an app, type in

choco upgrade [app name]

List of Outdated Packages

It’s also possible to see the list of all outdated apps. To make this work, you must install apps through Chocolatey. Type in

choco outdated

Uninstall a Package

If you don’t find an app useful, you can uninstall it through Chocolatey. Type in

choco uninstall [app name]

In most cases, the commands mentioned above are all you will ever need. But chocolatey has many more functions. Visit the command references page for more details.

Install Your Next App With the Command Prompt

Many people still find it a hassle to update their apps. Chocolatey lets you install a dozen or more apps with just a few keystrokes. You can easily manage your apps without any security concerns or bundleware.

Modern OS’es provide you automated installer packages and commands that install many bits of software at once. But have you ever thought what is happening behind the scene when you run that installer?